Because transfer printing has many advantages and the products produced are also of great commercial value, it has developed rapidly since it was put into production in the 1960s. However, because it is only suitable for synthetic fibers with clear glass transition temperature, its development is hindered and can not be applied to natural fibers. How to solve the transfer printing problem of natural fibers has become a hot research topic at home and abroad.
1) Grafting denaturation, such as acetylation, benzoylation, etc. This allows the fibers to accept disperse dyes.
2) Surface polymerization. This method is to polymerize macromolecule materials on the surface of fabrics, so as to accept disperse dyes like synthetic fibers, such as polyester method, styrene method and so on.
3) Fiber expansion. Expansion phenomena in amorphous region of heated polyester fibers were simulated and disperse dye gas was admitted. However, the fastness is insufficient due to the lack of fixation with fibers. So this method can only be used in conjunction with other methods of fixing dyes. Polyethylene glycol (200 molecular weight) is generally used for fiber extrusion. It is not only an extruder for cotton fibers, but also a solvent for disperse dyes.
The common feature of the above methods is that natural fibre fabrics must be pretreated before transfer printing, which increases the production process and cost. More importantly, in order to clean the remaining non-functional materials on fabrics, it is necessary to wash and dry them. In this way, it is impossible to eliminate wastewater discharge and increase the consumption of heating energy, which makes it difficult to get rid of the heavy burden of traditional printing and dyeing production.
This natural fiber transfer printing method does not retain the characteristics of synthetic fiber transfer printing method, and is difficult to be accepted by manufacturers. Some methods still leave harmful substances such as formaldehyde on fabrics, which do not meet the requirements of environmental protection. In addition, after printing, many fabrics migrate over time, resulting in blurred patterns. Therefore, although this method has been applied, it is not ideal. Others use spraying pretreatment liquid on the part of natural fiber clothing and printing after drying.
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